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PB28 dihydrochloride, a cyclohexylpiperazine derivative, is a high affinity and selective sigma 2 (σ2) receptor agonist with a K_i of 0.68 nM. PB28 dihydrochloride is also a σ1 antagonist with a K_i of 0.38 nM. PB28 dihydrochloride is less affinity for other receptors. PB28 dihydrochloride inhibits electrically evoked twitch in guinea pig bladder and ileum with EC₅₀ values of 2.62 μM and 3.96 μM, respectively. PB28 dihydrochloride can modulate SARS-CoV-2-human protein-protein interaction. PB28 dihydrochloride induces caspase-independent apoptosis and has antitumor activity.

PB28 (15-25 nM; 24-48 hours; MCF7 and MCF7 ADR cells) dihydrochloride treatment shows an accumulation in the G0-G1 phase for MCF7 and MCF7 ADR cells that are time and concentration independent.
PB28 dihydrochloride has a higher σ2 receptor affinity expressed as K_i (0.28 nM and 0.17 nM in MCF7 and MCF7 ADR cells, respectively) than σ1 receptor affinity (13.0 nMand 10.0 nM, respectively).
PB28 dihydrochloride inhibits cell growth of MCF7 and MCF7 ADR cells with IC₅₀s of 25 nM and 15 nM, respectively after 2-day treatment.
PB28 dihydrochloride induces apoptosis through a caspase-independent pathway.
PB28 dihydrochloride also reduces P-gp expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (approximately 60% in MCF7 and 90% in MCF7 ADR).
PB28 dihydrochloride displays antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects in both C6 rat glioma and SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cell lines.

PB28 (10.7 mg/mL; intraperitoneal injection; daily; for two weeks; C57BL/6 female mice) dihydrochloride treatment inhibits tumor growth in Panc02 tumor burden mice. PB28 also conferres a survival advantage for mice.

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