Rivastigmine-d is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of rivastigmine by GC- or LC-MS. Rivastigmine is a cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor that inhibits butyrl ChE (BChE) and acetyl ChE (AChE; ICs = 0.037 and 4.15 μM, respectively). It increases levels of secreted amyloid precursor protein (sAPP) and decreases levels of soluble amyloid-β (1-40) and various N-terminal cleavage products in primary embryonic rat neurons undergoing degeneration when used at concentrations of 5 and 10 μM. In a rat model of Alzheimer's disease induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl), rivastigmine (1 mg/kg per day) inhibits formation of amyloid plaques in brain sections and increases in AChE, IL-1β, and β-secretase 1 (BACE1) mRNA expression in the cerebral cortex. It inhibits AlCl-induced increases in escape latency time in the Morris water maze in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease when administered at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Rivastigmine (2 mg/kg) also reverses decreases in time spent in the open arms of an elevated plus maze, exploration time of a novel object in a novel object recognition test, and sucrose intake in a rat model of chronic mild stress. Formulations containing rivastigmine have been used in the treatment of dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.