3-Hydroxyisobutyrate (sodium salt) is an intermediate in the metabolic pathways of L-valine and thymine, and can be found in urine. 3-Hydroxyisobutyrate (sodium salt) is a secreted mediator of endothelial cell fatty acid transport and insulin resistance. 3-Hydroxyisobutyrate (sodium salt) can also inhibit key enzymes of energy metabolism in the cerebral cortex of young rats. The levels of 3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid sodium are closely related to various diseases such as 3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria, diabetes, and ketoacidosis.