13(S)-HODE (25μM) causes mitochondrial structural alterations and injury in bronchial epithelium[2].
13(S)-HODE (30 nM; 6 hours; E-FABP-/- keratinocytes) induces K1 expression through NF-κB activation. 13(S)-HODE increases the phosphorylation of IκBαat serine 32, which induces IκB degradation and thereby activates NF-κB. 13(S)-HODE also increases the phosphorylation of Ikkinase-bat tyrosine 199, which promotes IκBα phosphorylation and subsequent NF-kB activation.